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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Relationship between Crude oil price and Rupee, Dollar Exchange Rate: An Analysis of Preliminary Evidence
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.A.Hidhayathulla & Mahammad Rafee.B
	:	10.9790/5933-03220104

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of oil price on exchange rate of Indian rupee against US dollar using time series data from 1972-73 to 2012-13. Multiple linear regression models are used to analyse the data. The model result suggests that the import of crude oil continues to rise up when the crude oil future price increases. The oil imports thus became a substantial source of demand for dollar in India's foreign exchange market. This strong demand contributes to strengthen the dollar against Indian rupee, among the other factors. This finding will contribute to Indian government in making policy to control the petrol price to avoid rupee depreciation against US dollar.

Key Words: Oil price, Exchange rate, Imports of crude oil, Multiple linear regression.

[1]. Ibrahim Tuhran and et.al (2012) "oil prices and emerging market exchange rates", Central Bank of republic of Turkey, Middle East Technical University-MPRA Paper No: 36477, Feb 2012.
[2]. Mohd.Shaidan shaari and et.al (2012) "the effects of oil price shocks and exchange rate volatility on inflation: Evidence from Malaysia". International Business Research: Vol. 5, No. 9; 2012.
[3]. Ademola ojebiyi and David olugbenga Wilson (2011) "Exchange rate volatility: an analysis of the relationship between the Nigerian Naira, oil prices and US dollar- Master of International Management, Gotland University, Spring semester 2011.
[4]. Syed Abul Basher and et.al (2010) "oil prices, exchange rates and emerging stock markets".MRPA Paper No:30140, April 2011.
[5]. Mukhriz Izraf azman Aziz (2009) "oil price and exchange rate: a comparative between net oil exporting and net oil importing countries". Lancaster University, August 2009.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An evaluation of marketing strategies undertaken by Coca Cola Company as a multinational corporation in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Danjuma Naisla Hassan, Audu Anyesha Amos Omaku Angulu Abubakar
	:	10.9790/5933-03220510

Abstract: This research tend to evaluate the marketing strategies make use of by Coca Cola Company in Overseas market particularly Nigeria. The four (4) basic marketing strategies which are commonly called the 4ps which denote price, product, promotion and place are exceedingly used by Coca Cola Company in Nigeria. Coca Cola Company strategy of sales was price penetration where low price are charged and the company attends large market as possible. Unlike price skimming where higher price are charged. Product strategy was strongly applied such as the modification of its product as well as after sales services which all help to facilitate the marketing of the product.

[1] Adromida (2011) sales promotion/marketing mix strategy and ideas and method (online): available at:http://andromida.hubpages.com/hub/co.
[2] Belch G.E. and Belch, M. A (2007) Advertising and Promotion. An integrated marketing communications perspective. Seventh edition.
[3] Bennett, R (1998 =1). International Marketing Strategy, Planning, Market entry and Implementation. Second edition.
[4] Cateora, P. R and Graham, J. L (2007) International Marketing. Thirteenth edition
[5] Chartered Institute of Marketing (2011) Marketing Planning Tools. (Online): available at: http://www.cim.co.uk/marketing planning tool.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	World Trade Organization
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Pankaj Shah
	:	10.9790/5933-03221115

Abstract: This study argues that trade policies regarding financial services are an important—but typically neglected—determinant of capital flows and financial sector stability. Financial services trade liberalisation which promotes the use of a broad spectrum of financial instruments and allows the presence of foreign financial institutions whilst not unduly restricting their business practices, results in less distorted and less volatile capital flows, and promotes financial sector stability. The study finds significant evidence in favour of this claim through an empirical analysis of GATS commitments in 27 emerging markets. Even countries where the financial system is weak, and where immediate, full-fledged financial sector liberalisation is not advisable, can open up certain types of financial services trade, as such trade strengthens the financial system without provoking destabilising capital flows.

Keywords: GATT,GATS,TRIPS,Uruguay Round,Protectionism,

[1]. Ratan Tata Library,wikipedia

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Market Share on Profitability of Heavy Vehicles Manufacturers-A Case Study of Hino Pak Ltd
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Muhammad Aqil, Syed Fazal Aziz, Muhammed Dilshad, Seemab Qadeer
	:	10.9790/5933-03221620

Abstract: In the age of cut-throat competition, maximization of profit has become a challenging job for the firms. They always try to control those factors which influence their profitability. Before the phase of monitoring the determinants of profitability, this is inevitable to identify the factors which affect the firms' capability to earn profit. This paper addresses one of the important factors that is assumed to have high degree influence on the profit of firms. Market share of organizations have direct impact profitability on profitability. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of market share on the profitability of Heavy Vehicle Manufacturer i.e. Hino Pak Company limited. The correlation and regression analysis reveals that Market Share has a significant effect on Annual Profit, Return on Assets and Net Profit Margin. It means that greater the market share, greater the profitability of the firm.

Keywords: Heavy vehicle, Market Share, Net Profit Margin, Profitability, Return on Assets.

[1] Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles [OICA]. 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2014 from OICA website http://oica.net/category/economic-contributions/facts-and-figures/
[2] Buzzel, R.D., Gale, B.T., and Sultan, R.D.M.. Market Share-a key to profitability. Harvard Business Review. 1975 January-February, p 97-106.
[3] Rumelt, R.P. How much does industry matter? Strategic Management Journals, 1991. 12 p 167-185
[4] Woo, C.Y. Market Share Leadership- Does it always pay off? Proceedings of the Academy of Management. 1981. p 7-10.
[5] Hergert M. Market Share and Profitability: Is Bigger really better? Business Economics- 19. 1984. 45-48.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Critical Analysis of Pakistan Automobile Industry From 1995 to 2005
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Muhammad Aqil, Syed Fazal Aziz, Muhammed Dilshad, Seemab Qadeer
	:	10.9790/5933-03222126

Abstract: The automobile industry is one of the most important industries in large scale manufacturing sector. The automobile industry in Pakistan performed very well during the period of 1995 and 2005. However, there were many areas where the performance of industry was not up to the mark. This paper identifies the areas where this sector needs improvements. The analysis reveals that the industry did not have proper capacity utilization facility, it failed to offer competitive environment, it worked with low level of indigenization, it was suffered from inconsistent policies, it could not properly exploited consumers' demand and it failed to protect consumers' sovereignty.

Keywords: automobile industry, capacity utilization, consumers' demand, inconsistent policies, indigenization

[1] Pakistan Automaitve Manufacturers Association [PAMA].. Historical Data. 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2014 from PAMA website http://www.pama.org.pk/historicaldata.htm
[2] Qura-tul- Ain. Analysis of Pakistan Automobile Industry. Retrieved January 5, 2014 from scribd websitehttp://www.scribd.com/doc/3038403/AAAAPPPPPP, 2005
[3] Federal Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Pakistan Statistical Year Book Islamabad. Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan. 2007. pp 207-268. Retrieved June 20, 2013 from FBS website http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/publications/yearbook2007/foreign_trade/9.5 .pdf
[4] Ghani M. Automobile Selection Policy: An Analysis. Centre for Management and Economic Research, Lahore University of Management Sciences. October 1997. Working Paper No. 97-15
[5] Pak Suzuki Company Ltd.(1995-2005). Annual Reports of the Company from1995 to 2005. Pak Suzuki Company Ltd., Bin Qasim, Karachi.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nigerian Economy and Privatization of Public Enterprises
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Victor I. Lukpata, Dada A. Olurunfemi, Elimian Alexander, Adeshi Christopher A.
	:	10.9790/5933-03222730

Abstract: Public Enterprises are business organizations set up and financed by the government to provide essential services to the members of the public. They may be set up by the Federal, State, or Local governments. The public enterprises are controlled by the government: Though the ministers and commissioners, the government appoints members of the board of directors, who turn employ empty managers to run the business. Unlike most businesses which have the primary motive of making profit, public enterprises are set up to provide essential services to the public at affordable prices. In recent times, government has undertaken privatization of public enterprises perhaps because of the operational ineffectiveness that characterized public enterprises. The central question that beg for an answer is has privatization brought improvement in the Nigerian economy. The focus of this research is to attempt to answer such critical question with a view to proferming useful recommendations as way forward. Historical descriptive approach was adopted as method of data collection. The research findings reveals a contradiction of government action at privatization
Keywords: public enterprises, government, privatization, board of directors, essential services.

[1]. Kaiser, J. H. (1970) Public Enterprise in Germany in Government Enterprises: A Comparative Study, Edited by Dr. W.G. Predman and J.F. Gainer, Co Colombia University, New York.
[2]. M.A. Tokunboh (1990) Public Enterprises: The Nigeria Experience, Lantern Books,Literamed Publisher Limited, Lantern House, Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria.
[3]. Rail's Plan to Reduce Passenger Train Services Rejected, the Guardian, March 9, 1978
[4]. Report of Presidential Commission on Parastatals: Federal Government Press, Lagos,1981.
[5]. Usman, S. "Economic Policy and Privatization in Nigeria," Address to Nigerian Economic Society, 1983 published by The Guardian (Newspaper) 10th June 1987.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Financial Liberalization, Reforms and Bank Performance Evidence from Malaysian Islamic Banks
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Yagoub Elryah
	:	10.9790/5933-03223139

Abstract: The regulatory reforms implementing by Malaysian government since 2010 have been enhancing the performance of Islamic banks.The purpose of this research is to provide empirical evidence concerning the impacts of liberalization and reforms on Islamic bank's performance in Malaysia. The posited hypothesis is there is significant relationship among? between financial liberalization, regulatory reforms and Islamic banks performance in Malaysia. Datum were collected from 16 Islamic banks. Online statistical datum used in this study were extracted from Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), World Bank, IMF and financial report of the selected banks, we considered annual datum from 2002 until 2012.To test our hypotheses,we used panel regressions model to investigate the relationship between the Islamic banks performance and financial liberalization and reforms, although its relation with return on assets and equity on return was measured by Z-score. The findings indicate that financial liberalization and openness, assets, profitability, return on assets and inflation have statistically positive impacts on Islamic banks performances.
Keywords: Liberalization, Islamic Banks, Openness, Regulatory Reforms, Islamic law, Malaysia.

[1] Ahmed Al Ajlouni, 2004. ―Developing Strategies for Islamic Banks to Face the Future Challenges of Financial Globalization‖ Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 3.
[2] Ali, A. (2002) ―the state and future of Islamic banking on the world economic scene‖ luncheon cohosted by Arab Bankers Association of North America and the Middle East Institute Washington D.C., 12-13.
[3] Alin Marius and Bagdan C, (2013) ―Impact of liberalization on banking sector performance from Central and Eastern European countries‖ PLOS Journal.http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059686
[4] Bank Negara Malaysia BNM 2011, 2012, 2013 reports. [5] Beju D. G., Ciupac-Ulici M. (2013)―Does financial liberalization affect banking system?‖.RevistaEconomica. 65, 5.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Policy of Government on Import and Export of Sugar from India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Jyothi, K. C.
	:	10.9790/5933-03224042

Abstract: Sugar is one of the most produced and traded commodities of the world, which has a unique position as one of the most Government regulated commodities in domestic market, but with over 30 percent of world production moving in International trade. Over 110 countries are listed as sugar beet and cane producers. Nearly 60 countries are listed as net exporters. India is the second largest Sugar producing country only after Brazil and is also one among the major sugar exporting countries. India is the world's largest consumer of Sugar at 23.0 million metric tons (MMT) raw value in the 2008-09 marketing year. Human consumption of Sugar in India is up 35 percent from 10 years ago and double the consumption of 20 years ago. In fact in recent years, India has turned out to be a net importer of Sugar, since its domestic production has not been keeping pace with its increasing domestic consumption. Under the structured industrial development policy, Sugar industry was part of the five year plans introduced in 1951 and has been under the direct control of the Government ever since. Sugar industry is highly politicized and closely controlled by the Government.

[1]. Ghosh A.D. (2006). "Sugar Industry-Recent Trends and Outlook", WAR Rating features, p. 36.
[2]. Rama Babu, P. (2008). "The Path Forward", Yojana, pp. 5-6.
[3]. Sharad Joshi (2008). "Sugar Issues", Yojana, pp. 18-19.
[4]. Pandey Adya Prasad (2007). "Indian Sugar Industry- Strong Industrial Base for Rural India", MPRA, December 2007.
[5]. Satish Kansal (1997). "Factors Determining Indian Sugar Production and its Comparative Advantage", (http://www.fao.org).

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Problems of international payments
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sanskriti Singh, Aishwarya sharma
	:	10.9790/5933-03224347

Abstract: Hundreds of thousands of international payments are made every second of everyday by businesses. Business-to-business payments are primarily associated with supplier payments related to the import of goods and services. Despite the potentially large number of international payments associated with international trade and commerce, the process of transmitting money cross borders remain extremely complex, not just in terms of routing payments but also in terms of handling and passing payments between stake holders in the transaction chain (correspondents). Since International payments involve contacts with at least two different states and their respective legal system, it is intuitive that they raise issues of conflicts of laws. Anybody even superficially familiar with private international law would be quick to realize that such issues are bound to be numerous and complicated. Yet it is surprising that, despite the number of international payments made each day around the world and the likelihood of disputes liable to raise conflicts problems, both the case laws and literature on these issues are quite scarce and this is what author shall seek to answer by the end of this paper.
Keywords: International payments, private international law, cross borders, international trade and commerce, conflict of law.

[1] https www.boq.com.au EIB elp T F 001 elp.htm
[2] www.smarta.com/advice/.../how-to-manage-international-payments
[3] www.freshbusinessthinking.com/business_advice.php?AID=1012
[4] 210.40.80.25:8082/uploadfiles/gjjs/xtj/3.doc

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Challenging Issues of Tribal Education in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Kabita Kumari Sahu
	:	10.9790/5933-03224852

Abstract: The objective of the paper is to analyse the status of tribal education with literacy rate, gross enrolment ratio, dropout rates and Gender Parity Index in India. The analysis is based on secondary data of Census of India, 2011. The percentage of literacy of tribes was only 8.54 per cent in 1961 which has increased to 63.1 per cent in 2011. The gross enrolment ratio is higher in class I to V which is 137.2 for ST boys and 136.7 for ST girls.The Gender Parity Index for ST children is almost same as all categories of children except for class XI to XII.
Key Words: Drop out, Education, Enrolment, Literacy, Tribes.

[1] Abdulraheem, A. (2011) Education for the Economically and Socially Disadvantaged Groups in India: An Assessment Economic Affairs Vol. 56 No. 2 June 2011 (Page 233-242)
[2] Jha, J., Jhingran, D. (2002), Elementary Education for the Poorest and Other Deprived Groups, Centre for Policy Research. New Delhi.
[3] Lal, M. (2005), Education-The Inclusive Growth Strategy for the economically and socially disadvantaged in the Society
[4] Nair, P.( 2007), "Whose Public Action? Analyzing Inter-sectoral Collaboration for Service Delivery: Identification of Programmes for Study in India."International Development Department, Economic and Social Research Council.February.
[5] Sedwal, M. &Sangeeta, K.(2008) Education and Social Equity with special focus on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Elementary Education,NUEPA, New Delhi

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (SKDRDP) in Micro Finance Through SHGs –A Study in Shimoga District of Karnataka
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Eswar kumar belli S., Dr. T. S. Raghvendra
	:	10.9790/5933-03225359

Abstract: Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (SKDRDP) played a vital role in rural reconstruction, agricultural Development, community development and rural development even during last three decades era in Karnataka state. After the introduction of microfinance through Self-Help Groups (SHG), they penetrated into each and every corner in India and actually the NGOs are responsible for converting the pilot project of microfinance into a major programme and the NGOs are responsible for making the microfinance through SHG as the largest programme in the world. This paper analyses the role of SKDRDP in sustainable rural development through microfinance. The study reported that SKDRDP are playing vital role in the formation of SHGs and motivating women to join the groups and linking the groups with the banks for microfinance. But, SKDRDP played limited role in marketing the products of SHGs.
Keywords: Micro finance, Self-Help Group, Rural development.

[1] Ahmad, Mokbul Morshed (2006), "The NGO Debate in Development: A Review' in M.C.Behra (ed),Globalising Rural Development, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
[2] APMAS (2009), "Report on Situation Analysis of Self-Help Group Movement in Bihar".: APMAS,Hyderabad.
[3] Basu, Priya and PradeepSrivastava (2005), "Exploring Possibilities Microfinance and Rural CreditAccess for the Poor in India‟, Economic and Political Weekly .Vol 40(17): pp1747 – 1756.
[4] Ghosh. D.K. (2005),'Intervention in Poverty Alleviation-Scope and Reality' in S.B. Verma and Y.T.Pawar (Eds), Rural Empowerment through SHGs, NGOs and PRIs), Deep & Deep Publications, New Delhi
[5] Dadhie C.L. (2001), "Micro finance - a panacea for poverty alleviation – A case study of oriental Grameena Project in India.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Relationship between Investment in Human Capital and Economic Growth Evidence from Mozambique
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Ramim Jolino Goca
	:	10.9790/5933-03226078

Abstract: This study investigates the long run relationship between human capital and economic growth in Mozambique over the period 1975 to 2006 through the application of Engle-Granger Two Step Error Correction Methodology. Human capital is measured as gross enrolment. Human capital is considered as a direct input in the production function. The Engle-Granger Cointegration results establish a long run relationship between human capital and economic growth. A well educated labour force appears to significantly influence economic growth as a factor in the production function. Thus, government's educational policy should focus on promoting education at all levels.

[1]. Aghion,P and Howitt,P. (1992) A Model for Growth Through Creative Destruction," Econometrica, 60(2)
[2]. Agneta Lind and Adeze Igboemeka (2001) Overview study of Higher Education sub-system in Mozambique, Maputo, Dec. 2001.
[3]. Ardeni,P.G. (1999) Economic Growth in Mozambique? An Assessment, World Bank, Maputo.
[4]. Arndt,O. (2003) Encyclopedia of Nations: Mozambique Foreign Investment, Encyclopedia, Washington.
[5]. Arndt,O. (2006) Encyclopedia of Nations: Mozambique Foreign Investment, Encyclopedia, Washington.
[6]. Arndt, C. (2002) HIV/AIDS, Human Capital and Economic Prospects for Mozambique, TMD Discussion Paper No. 88, Washington DC.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study of Women Entrepreneurship and Their Problems in the Development in Western Maharashtra
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jadhawrao Madhavi Sugaraj, Dr. Salve P.S.
	:	10.9790/5933-03227983

Abstract: This study is based on the secondary source of data which are collected from Fourth All India Census on MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) published by Government of India. The limitation of the study is availability of data. The latest data available regarding women entrepreneurs are for the year 2006-07, published by Government of India through Fourth All India Census on MSME. Government of India in Ministry of MSME has conducted three Censuses of registered Small Scale Industries (SSI) prior to the enactment of MSME Development Act, 2006.

[1]. Bajaj, Shammi "women entrepreneurs: a new face of India", IJRIM, November 2012, Volume 2, Issue 11, 123-127.
[2]. Batra, G.S: "Female Entrepreneurship", European Women Management Development Forum, Brussels, 1992
[3]. Das, Malika, Associate Professor, Deptt. of Business Administration and Tourism and Hospitality Management, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, N.S. "Women Entrepreneurs from India: Problems, Motivations and Success Factors", Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, Winter 2000-2001, Vol. 15, No.4.
[4]. Desai Vasant, "Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Development and Management", 1992 Himalaya Publishing House.
[5]. Goplan, S: "Employment of Women: The Indian Situation", Second International Conference of Women Entrepreneurs, NAYE, New Delhi, 1981.
[6]. Goyal, Meenu and Jai Parkash "Women Entrepreneurship in India-Problems and Prospects", International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, September 2011, Vol.1 Issue 5.

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